The Silviculture of Restoration: A Historical Perspective With Contemporary Application
نویسنده
چکیده
In the southern United States, the turn of the 20th century saw the high-grading of virgin pine stands that left millions of acres of forestland in desperate condition. Some of these southern pine stands now support thriving forests whose patterns and processes resemble those extant before they were cut a century ago, but others do not. The success of this recovery in the southern pinery was based upon three primary elements. First, the silvics of the species had something to do with the success of their restoration; some of the southern pines have inherent ecological attributes that lend themselves to restoration, and others do not. Second, the plasticity of high-graded stands under the artful hand of the silviculturists of the day was instrumental in the recovery, partly because of the trees, and partly because of the silviculturists. Finally, major advances in silvicultural science provided astounding successes, and sometimes profound malpractice, in enabling or inhibiting the recovery. A qualitative and quantitative silvicultural review of that history can help modern silviculturists achieve goals of integrated restoration for multi-resource benefits on public and private lands, both regionally and nationally. Key elements for contemporary silviculturists to consider are: 1) that restoration of process drives restoration of structure; 2) that successful restoration demands that a silviculturist balance the cognitive dissonance between economics and ecology; 3) that some tools that traditionally have been associated with intensive forestry for fiber production can help restoration prescriptions succeed at functionally meaningful ecological scale; 4) that a diversity of silvicultural practices among stands across a landscape is more robust than a uniformity of practice; and 5) that restoration will be easier in some forest types than in others regardless of the silviculturist’s efforts.
منابع مشابه
Sepah (Shohada), a historical avenue, as a joint axis in city of Qazvin’s Integration theory
Shohada (Sepah) avenue in Qazvin, a historic city, is a part of Safavid era infrastructure of the city. It connects various important cites and poles like Jame' mosque, Imamzadeh Hosein, Dowlat-Khaneh and the Traditional Bazaar complex to one another. This axis in KhomarTashi, in Kabir Jame' mosque - preservation and restoration of Jame' mosque complex as principle core of the city which is ...
متن کاملApplication of environmental-cultural features in the contemporary Persian literature of Mazandaran toward strengthening the local culture from the perspective of the poem of Asadollah Emadi, Ali Akbar Mahjorian and Khali Gheisari
Abstract Contemporary environmental poetry is a subjective kind of poetry with an organic totality in which tradition and modernism are challenged clearly. Environmental poetry is on the peak of the pyramid of local literature and is regarded as the background for classical poetry. Highlighting environmental ideas and creating such a room in the linguistic environment creates a specific piece ...
متن کاملCritical Approach to Islamic Civilization periods in View of Iranian contemporary writers
Islamic civilization as a reality and having an independent identity (civilization as reality) or validity coming from the social life of Muslims (civilization as a situation) is one of the most challenging and deliberative issues in civilization research. From topics related to Islamic civilization, is its historical revolution or vital periods. Some have considered it in the course of history...
متن کاملThe effect of benefiting from restoration knowledge in collective spaces with a historical context in order to promote the sense of identity among citizens (A Case Study: Tehran Market)
Abstract Urban historical spaces are very important in terms of creating and identifying, manifesting culture, beliefs and behaviors and social relations. Today, with the rapid expansion of urbanization, the old spaces of the city, which are considered as the initial skeleton of the city, have received less attention and have become socially vulnerable tissues. Collective spaces are places of ...
متن کاملمعماری معاصر ایران، جامعه کوتاهمدت - معماری کوتاهمدت
Some of the experts in the two fields of cultural domain and Iranian society, believe in “historical experience accumulation”, which is the outcome of historical cohesive idea; on the other hand, some experts believe that compared to historical experience accumulation, we are facing “historical rupture” and the repetition of past experiences; our “temporary society...
متن کامل